What does "job crafting" refer to in the context of employment?

Job crafting refers to the process in which employees proactively modify aspects of their job to enhance their satisfaction, engagement, and overall work experience. This concept emphasizes the idea that individuals can take ownership of their roles by adjusting tasks, relationships, and perceptions related to their jobs. For instance, an employee might choose to take on additional responsibilities that align with their interests or change their interactions with colleagues to foster better collaboration.

This approach contributes to improved motivation and job satisfaction, as employees are more likely to feel a personal connection and commitment to their work when they can shape their roles. The other options, while related to employment practices, do not capture the essence of job crafting, which is a more personalized, proactive approach to job satisfaction rather than an evaluative or administrative process.